Structure and Written Expression With Example Questions

* Structure

Structure is tested in the second section on both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test. This section consists of a number of multiple-choice questions that test your knowledge of the structure of English sentences and error recognition questions that test your knowledge of correct written expression. The paper and the computer structure sections are similar in the following ways :

1. the types of questions
2. the language skills tested

The paper and the computer structure sections are different in the following ways:

1. the number of questions
2. the amount of time
3.  the ordering of the questions
4.  the strategies
5.  the scoring.

* Written Expression

Written expression questions that test your knowledge of the correct way to express your-self in English writing appear on both the paper  TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test. Each question consists of one sentence in which four words or groups of words have been underlined. You must choose the underlined word or group of words that is not correct. Look at an example of a written expression question from the paper TOEFL test.

In this Example, you shoud notice that the plural quantifier many is accompanied by the singular noun fiber. Many should be accompained by the plural noun fibers. You shoud choose answer(C) because answer (C) is not correct.

Now, look at an example of a written expression question from the computer TOEFL test.

In this example, you shoud notice that the adverb thermally is used to describe the noun origin. The adjective thermal should be used to describe the noun. You should click on the word thermally to answer this question because thermally is not correct.

* Example Questions of Structure

1. The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging from black to white, is used in computer graphics ­­­­ detail to graphical images.

(A) added

(B) to add

(C) are added

(D) and add

2. By ­­­­ excluding competition from an industry, governments have often created public service monopolies.

(A) they adopt laws

(B) laws are adopted

(C) adopting laws

(D) having laws adopt

3. .... skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body.

(A) Its

(B) That the

(C) There is a

(D) The

4. Lenses ­­­­ are used to correct imperfections in eyesight.

(A) are the forms of glasses and contact lenses

(B) in the form of glasses and contact lenses

(C) glasses and contact lenses which form

(D) glasses and contact lenses may be formed

5. In eighteenth­century North America, printed engravings provided ­­­­ of rococo style.

(A) the most manifestation widespread

(B) manifestation widespread the most

(C) the widespread manifestation most

(D) the most widespread manifestation

6. In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skies in winter, ­­­­ coastal fogs or low status clouds are common in summer.

(A) because of

(B) whereas

(C) despite

(D) that

7. On attaining maximum size, ­­­­ by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoebas, each receiving identical nuclear materials.

(A) the reproduction of the amoeba

(B) the amoeba, which reproduces

(C) reproducing the amoeba

(D) the amoeba reproduces

8. For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is ­­­­ an audience all day long.

(A) that it has

(B) that to have

(C) to have it

(D) having it

9. Charles Schulz’s comic strip, “Peanuts,” features children who make ­­­ about life.

(A) funny, wise statements that

(B) which funny, wise statements

(C) statements are funny but wise

(D) funny but wise statements

10. One of the major rivers of the western United States, ­­­­ flows for some 1,500 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico.

(A) it is the Colorado River

(B) the Colorado River which

(C) and the Colorado River

(D) the Colorado River

11. In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes ­­­­ a wide range of pearly or pastel­like effects.

(A) it is possible

(B) possible

(C) possible to be

(D) it possible the

12. Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists ­­­­ by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects.

(A) employed

(B) whose employment

(C) to employ

(D) had been employed

13. Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur ­­­­ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors.

(A) as forests that become

(B) in forests become

(C) that become forests

(D) when forests become

14. To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, ­­­­ under its weight.

(A) so then breaks

(B) when breaks it

(C) which then breaks

(D) for which then breaks

15. Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where ­­­­ compound of myelin.

(A) it a

(B) a

(C) being a

(D) it is a

* Example Questions of Written Expressions

1. Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group of Painters in 1933.

2. Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and specialized modes of locomotion, and are capable of securing ingesting, and to digest food.

3. The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years.

4. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active can be governed by the United States Federal Reserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money to the economy.

5. Free radicals of oxygen, which common by­products of metabolic processes in the body, are capable of causing tissue damage.

6. By 1830 the glass industry in the United States had become too well established that the country no longer needed to depend on imported glass.

7. Free land, cheaply transportation, and powerfully persuasive railroad advertising all helped flood the western part of the United States with farmers in the nineteenth century.

8. Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only by shallow water.

9. For a seagoing, cargo­carrying sailing vessels, the clipper ship was remarkably fast.

10. Visibly only through large telescopes, Pluto has a yellowish color, which indicates that there is very little atmosphere.

11. Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamonds can be cut only by another diamonds.

12.The International Monetary Fund was created in a effort to stabilize exchange rates without interfering with the healthy growth of trade

13. Butterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis, then changing from caterpillar to adult via one intermediate stage, the pupa.

14. Thousands of meteorite hit Earth each year, but most fall into the sea or in remote areas and are never recovered.

15. Alaska became the forty­ninth state in 1959, and Hawaii became the fiftieth state lately that year.

* Answers

a. Structure

1. B             9. D

2. C             10. D

3. D             11. B

4. B             12. A

5. D             13. D

6. B             14. C

7. D             15. D

8. A

b. Written Expressions

1. They - > Their

2. to digest - > digesting

3. thickness - > thick

4. active - > activation

5. which common - > which are common

6. too - > so

7. cheaply - > cheap

8. have known - > that have been known

9. vessels - > vessel

10. visibly - > visible

11. another - > other

12. a - > an

13. complete - > a complete

14. meteorite - > meteorites

15. lately - > later

Reference : 

https://kupdf.com/download/soal-tes-toefl-dan-kunci-jawaban-structure-amp-written-expression-model-test-2-pusat-toeflpdf_59f1bb84e2b6f5b20b479d23_pdf

http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132306185/pendidikan/ULB+structure_1.pdf

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